Luxembourg
Government finance and cost-of-living data from Eurostat — spending, debt, tax, and comparative prices.
Headline stats
Government debt
26.5% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 81.7% GDP (2025)
Govt expenditure
49.1% GDP
2025
Budget deficit
2% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 3.1% GDP (2025)
Tax revenue
11.6% GDP
2025
Public sector jobs
119k
2024
Tax rates
What Luxembourg takes — statutory rates and effective burden on workers.
Labour tax wedge
33.3% of labour cost
2025
Top income tax rate
42%
2024
Corporate tax rate
24.9%
2024
Standard VAT rate
17%
2024
Labour tax wedge: effective % of gross labour cost (salary + employer contributions) going to income tax and social contributions for a single person at average wage. Source: Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate. Statutory rates: OECD Taxing Wages 2024 / EC Taxation Trends 2024.
Comparative prices
Luxembourg is 32.0% more expensive than the EU average overall (2024). Index: EU27 = 100.
| Category | Price index | vs EU avg |
|---|---|---|
| Overall price level | 132.0 | +32.0% |
| Food & non-alcoholic drinks | 124.8 | +24.8% |
| Housing, utilities & energy | 178.4 | +78.4% |
| Restaurants & hotels | 123.6 | +23.6% |
| Transport | 96.4 | -3.6% |
| Health | 178.2 | +78.2% |
| Education | 350.5 | +250.5% |
| Clothing & footwear | 109.1 | +9.1% |
| Recreation & culture | 116.8 | +16.8% |
| Alcohol & tobacco | 94.0 | -6.0% |
| Household furnishings | 123.1 | +23.1% |
| Communication | 154.7 | +54.7% |
| Miscellaneous | 145.1 | +45.1% |
Source: Eurostat prc_ppp_ind. EU27_2020 = 100. Green = cheaper than EU average.
Government debt since 2011
| Year | Debt (% GDP) | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 18.5 | — |
| 2012 | 20.8 | +2.3 |
| 2013 | 22.4 | +1.6 |
| 2014 | 21.9 | -0.5 |
| 2015 | 21.1 | -0.8 |
| 2016 | 19.6 | -1.5 |
| 2017 | 21.8 | +2.2 |
| 2018 | 20.9 | -0.9 |
| 2019 | 22.3 | +1.4 |
| 2020 | 24.5 | +2.2 |
| 2021 | 24.2 | -0.3 |
| 2022 | 24.9 | +0.7 |
| 2023 | 24.7 | -0.2 |
| 2024 | 26.3 | +1.6 |
| 2025 | 26.5 | +0.2 |
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Data sources
| Dataset | Source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Govt expenditure / debt / deficit | Eurostat gov_10dd_edpt1 | 1995–2025 |
| Tax revenue | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 1995–2025 |
| Public employment (NACE O-Q) | Eurostat nama_10_a64_e | 1995–2024 |
| Tax breakdown (VAT, income, social) | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 2000–2023 |
| Labour tax wedge | Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate | 2000–2023 |
| Statutory tax rates (income, corporate, VAT) | OECD / EC Taxation Trends 2024 | 2024 |
| Comparative price levels (13 categories) | Eurostat prc_ppp_ind | 1995–2024 |