Poland
Government finance and cost-of-living data from Eurostat — spending, debt, tax, and comparative prices.
Headline stats
Government debt
59.7% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 81.7% GDP (2025)
Govt expenditure
49.4% GDP
2024
Budget deficit
7.3% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 3.1% GDP (2025)
Tax revenue
14.4% GDP
2024
Public sector jobs
3,830k
2025
Tax rates
What Poland takes — statutory rates and effective burden on workers.
Labour tax wedge
28.3% of labour cost
2025
Top income tax rate
32%
2024
Corporate tax rate
19%
2024
Standard VAT rate
23%
2024
Labour tax wedge: effective % of gross labour cost (salary + employer contributions) going to income tax and social contributions for a single person at average wage. Source: Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate. Statutory rates: OECD Taxing Wages 2024 / EC Taxation Trends 2024.
Comparative prices
Poland is 28.1% cheaper than the EU average overall (2024). Index: EU27 = 100.
| Category | Price index | vs EU avg |
|---|---|---|
| Overall price level | 71.9 | -28.1% |
| Food & non-alcoholic drinks | 86.8 | -13.2% |
| Housing, utilities & energy | 49.2 | -50.8% |
| Restaurants & hotels | 91.7 | -8.3% |
| Transport | 79.6 | -20.4% |
| Health | 68.2 | -31.8% |
| Education | 65.1 | -34.9% |
| Clothing & footwear | 103.1 | +3.1% |
| Recreation & culture | 69.3 | -30.7% |
| Alcohol & tobacco | 82.9 | -17.1% |
| Household furnishings | 87.5 | -12.5% |
| Communication | 56.1 | -43.9% |
| Miscellaneous | 70.0 | -30.0% |
Source: Eurostat prc_ppp_ind. EU27_2020 = 100. Green = cheaper than EU average.
Government debt since 2011
| Year | Debt (% GDP) | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 54.8 | — |
| 2012 | 54.5 | -0.3 |
| 2013 | 56.9 | +2.4 |
| 2014 | 51.1 | -5.8 |
| 2015 | 51.1 | 0 |
| 2016 | 54.1 | +3 |
| 2017 | 50.4 | -3.7 |
| 2018 | 48.2 | -2.2 |
| 2019 | 45.2 | -3 |
| 2020 | 56.6 | +11.4 |
| 2021 | 53 | -3.6 |
| 2022 | 48.8 | -4.2 |
| 2023 | 49.5 | +0.7 |
| 2024 | 54.8 | +5.3 |
| 2025 | 59.7 | +4.9 |
Ask questions about Poland
The query agent compares Poland against other EU countries using Eurostat data.
Data sources
| Dataset | Source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Govt expenditure / debt / deficit | Eurostat gov_10dd_edpt1 | 1995–2025 |
| Tax revenue | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 1995–2025 |
| Public employment (NACE O-Q) | Eurostat nama_10_a64_e | 1995–2024 |
| Tax breakdown (VAT, income, social) | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 2000–2023 |
| Labour tax wedge | Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate | 2000–2023 |
| Statutory tax rates (income, corporate, VAT) | OECD / EC Taxation Trends 2024 | 2024 |
| Comparative price levels (13 categories) | Eurostat prc_ppp_ind | 1995–2024 |