Romania
Government finance and cost-of-living data from Eurostat — spending, debt, tax, and comparative prices.
Headline stats
Government debt
59.3% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 81.7% GDP (2025)
Govt expenditure
43.3% GDP
2024
Budget deficit
7.9% GDP
2025
EU27 avg: 3.1% GDP (2025)
Tax revenue
11% GDP
2024
Public sector jobs
1,227k
2025
Tax rates
What Romania takes — statutory rates and effective burden on workers.
Labour tax wedge
41.5% of labour cost
2025
Top income tax rate
10%
2024
Corporate tax rate
16%
2024
Standard VAT rate
19%
2024
Labour tax wedge: effective % of gross labour cost (salary + employer contributions) going to income tax and social contributions for a single person at average wage. Source: Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate. Statutory rates: OECD Taxing Wages 2024 / EC Taxation Trends 2024.
Comparative prices
Romania is 40.3% cheaper than the EU average overall (2024). Index: EU27 = 100.
| Category | Price index | vs EU avg |
|---|---|---|
| Overall price level | 59.7 | -40.3% |
| Food & non-alcoholic drinks | 75.5 | -24.5% |
| Housing, utilities & energy | 52.0 | -48.0% |
| Restaurants & hotels | 68.5 | -31.5% |
| Transport | 78.5 | -21.5% |
| Health | 34.2 | -65.8% |
| Education | 39.1 | -60.9% |
| Clothing & footwear | 87.4 | -12.6% |
| Recreation & culture | 66.5 | -33.5% |
| Alcohol & tobacco | 87.1 | -12.9% |
| Household furnishings | 76.7 | -23.3% |
| Communication | 52.6 | -47.4% |
| Miscellaneous | 54.9 | -45.1% |
Source: Eurostat prc_ppp_ind. EU27_2020 = 100. Green = cheaper than EU average.
Government debt since 2011
| Year | Debt (% GDP) | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | 32.3 | — |
| 2012 | 35.4 | +3.1 |
| 2013 | 37.8 | +2.4 |
| 2014 | 39.1 | +1.3 |
| 2015 | 37.7 | -1.4 |
| 2016 | 37.8 | +0.1 |
| 2017 | 35.3 | -2.5 |
| 2018 | 34.6 | -0.7 |
| 2019 | 35.2 | +0.6 |
| 2020 | 46.9 | +11.7 |
| 2021 | 48.6 | +1.7 |
| 2022 | 48.1 | -0.5 |
| 2023 | 49.3 | +1.2 |
| 2024 | 54.8 | +5.5 |
| 2025 | 59.3 | +4.5 |
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Data sources
| Dataset | Source | Coverage |
|---|---|---|
| Govt expenditure / debt / deficit | Eurostat gov_10dd_edpt1 | 1995–2025 |
| Tax revenue | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 1995–2025 |
| Public employment (NACE O-Q) | Eurostat nama_10_a64_e | 1995–2024 |
| Tax breakdown (VAT, income, social) | Eurostat gov_10a_taxag | 2000–2023 |
| Labour tax wedge | Eurostat earn_nt_taxrate | 2000–2023 |
| Statutory tax rates (income, corporate, VAT) | OECD / EC Taxation Trends 2024 | 2024 |
| Comparative price levels (13 categories) | Eurostat prc_ppp_ind | 1995–2024 |